Where our figures come from

Our own work: the industry playbooks the deal team keeps, read against the public sources below.

• FNDRS

  • FNDRS industry briefing

  Used on Home services, SaaS, Professional services, Manufacturing, Healthcare practices, Construction, E-commerce, IT services

Federal and state agencies: the Census Bureau, the SBA Office of Advocacy, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the SEC, and each state's department of revenue, its secretary of state, and its economic development office.

• Alabama Department of Revenue

  • I received an assessment from the department for taxes owed by my predecessor. Is this right?

  Used on Alabama

• Arizona Attorney General

  • Arizona’s Rule Against Perpetuities (Opinion I18-006) (2018)

  Used on Arizona

• Arizona Department of Revenue

  • Business

  Used on Arizona

• Arkansas Department of Finance and Administration

  • Subject 705 Estate Tax (2005)

  Used on Arkansas

• Arkansas Economic Development Commission

  • Capital Gains Tax (2025)

  Used on Arkansas

• Arkansas Secretary of State

  • Franchise Tax / Annual Report (2026)

  Used on Arkansas

• City of Portland Revenue Division

  • Personal Income Tax Filing and Payment Information (2025)

  Used on Oregon

• Colorado Office of Economic Development and International Trade

  • Innovation Statewide: 16 Groundbreaking Business Developments in Colorado in 2025 (2025)

  Used on Colorado

• Connecticut Department of Revenue Services

  • Estate and Gift Tax Information (2025)
  • IP 2002(16) Successor Liability for Sales and Use Tax, Admissions and Dues Tax
  • IP 2018(10) Successor Liability and Request for Tax Clearance (2018)

  Used on Connecticut

• Delaware Division of Corporations

  • Annual Report Statistics (2025)

  Used on Delaware

• Delaware Division of Revenue

  • Gross Receipts Tax FAQs (2026)

  Used on Delaware

• Florida Department of Revenue

  • Florida Corporate Income Tax (2026)

  Used on Florida

• Georgia Department of Revenue

  • Gov. Kemp Signs Legislation Delivering More than $1 Billion in Tax Cuts and Relief (2025)
  • Corporate Income and Net Worth Tax (2026)
  • Nontaxable Sales (2026)

  Used on Georgia

• Hawaii Department of Taxation

  • Instructions, Form M-6 Hawaii Estate Tax Return (Rev. 2025) (2025)

  Used on Hawaii

• Idaho State Tax Commission

  • Capital Gains (2026)

  Used on Idaho

• Illinois Department of Revenue

  • Income Tax Rates (2026)
  • Instructions for Form CBS-1, Notice of Sale, Purchase, or Transfer of Business Assets (2026)

  Used on Illinois

• Kansas Department of Revenue

  • Pub. KS-1216 Business Tax Application (2025)

  Used on Kansas

• Kentucky Department of Revenue

  • Calculating KY Limited Liability Entity Tax (LLET) (2025)

  Used on Kentucky

• Louisiana Department of Revenue

  • Can I claim the net capital gains deduction for sales occurring on or after January 1, 2025? (2025)
  • Is the corporation franchise tax repealed? (2026)

  Used on Louisiana

• Minnesota Department of Revenue

  • Successor Liability (2025)

  Used on Minnesota

• Mississippi Department of Revenue

  • General Information: Individual Income Tax Rates (2025, 2027)
  • Business Tax Frequently Asked Questions: Corporate Income and Franchise Tax (2025)
  • Business Tax Frequently Asked Questions: Sales Tax (2025)

  Used on Mississippi

• Nevada Department of Taxation

  • Commerce Tax (2025)

  Used on Nevada

• New Jersey Division of Taxation

  • Frequently Asked Questions About New Jersey's Bulk Sale Notification Requirement and Form C-9600 (2025)
  • Inheritance Tax (2025)

  Used on New Jersey

• New Mexico Taxation and Revenue Department

  • Tax Clearance

  Used on New Mexico

• New York State Department of Labor

  • Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification (WARN) (2025)

  Used on New York

• New York State Department of Taxation and Finance

  • Estate tax (2025)
  • Bulk Sales (Tax Bulletin ST-70) (2025)
  • Income tax definitions (2025)

  Used on New York

• North Carolina Real Estate Commission

  • Brokers and Consumers Should Beware of Unlicensed Activity in North Carolina (2023)

  Used on North Carolina

• North Dakota Office of State Tax Commissioner

  • Individual Income Tax History (2023)

  Used on North Dakota

• Office of the Governor of Idaho

  • Idaho delivers largest income tax cut in state history (2025)

  Used on Idaho

• Ohio Department of Taxation

  • Income - Business Income and the Business Income Deduction (2025)

  Used on Ohio

• Oklahoma Tax Commission

  • 2025 Form 561, Oklahoma Capital Gain Deduction (2025)

  Used on Oklahoma

• Oklahoma Tax Commission, via Cornell LII

  • OAC 710:65-9-4, Denial of sales tax permit to a successor; successor liability

  Used on Oklahoma

• Oregon Bureau of Labor and Industries

  • Noncompetition Agreements: For Employers (2025)

  Used on Oregon

• Oregon Department of Revenue

  • Corporate Activity Tax (CAT) (2025)

  Used on Oregon

• Pennsylvania Department of Revenue

  • Personal Income Tax (2025)
  • REV-584, Pennsylvania Inheritance Tax and Safe Deposit Boxes (2025)
  • Bulk Sales Notice (2025)

  Used on Pennsylvania

• SBA Office of Advocacy

  • 2024 Small Business Profile: Alabama (2022, 2024)
  • Alaska 2025 State Profile (2024, 2025)
  • Arizona 2025 State Profile (2024, 2025)
  • Arkansas 2025 State Profile (2022, 2025)
  • California 2025 State Profile (2025)
  • 2024 Small Business Profile: California (2024)
  • 2024 Small Business Profile: Colorado (2024)
  • 2024 Small Business Profile: Connecticut (2024)
  • 2025 Small Business Profile: Georgia (2022)
  • 2025 Small Business Profile: Hawaii (2024, 2025)
  • 2024 Small Business Profile: Hawaii (2021)
  • 2025 Small Business Profile: Illinois (2022)
  • 2024 Small Business Profile: Kansas (2021)
  • 2025 Small Business Profile: Kansas (2024)
  • 2025 Small Business Profile: Maryland (2022)
  • 2025 Small Business Profile: Massachusetts (2022)
  • 2024 Small Business Profile: Massachusetts (2021)
  • 2024 Small Business Profile: New Mexico (2024)
  • 2024 Small Business Profile: Oklahoma (2024)
  • 2025 Small Business Profile: Oklahoma (2024)
  • 2025 Small Business Profile: Oregon (2022, 2025)
  • 2025 Small Business Profile: Pennsylvania (2025)
  • 2025 Small Business Profile: Utah (2022)
  • 2025 Small Business Profile: Vermont (2022)
  • 2024 Small Business Profile: Virginia (2022, 2024)

  Used on Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Kansas, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Utah, Vermont, Virginia

• South Carolina Department of Commerce

  • Blackbaud, Inc., Success Stories (1989)

  Used on South Carolina

• South Carolina Department of Revenue

  • Individual Income Tax (2025)

  Used on South Carolina

• State of Alaska, Permanent Fund Dividend Division

  • Permanent Fund Dividend - Eligibility Requirements
  • Permanent Fund Dividend - Establishing Residency

  Used on Alaska

• Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts

  • Franchise Tax (2025)

  Used on Texas

• U.S. Census Bureau

  • County Business Patterns 2023, state file (2023)

  Used on Maryland

• Utah State Tax Commission

  • Tax Rates, 2025 Utah Income Tax (2025)
  • Purchasing or Selling a Business (2025)

  Used on Utah

• Vermont Department of Taxes

  • Estate Tax (2021)

  Used on Vermont

• Virginia Department of Taxation

  • Estate and Inheritance Taxes (2007)

  Used on Virginia

• Washington Department of Revenue

  • Capital gains tax (2025)

  Used on Washington

• West Virginia Tax Division

  • 2026 Income Tax Rate Cut (2026)

  Used on West Virginia

• WV SBDC

  • West Virginia Small Business Development Center (2026)

  Used on West Virginia

• Wyoming Business Council

  • Succession Loan (2026)

  Used on Wyoming

The law itself: state codes and statutes, the legislatures that publish them, and the public libraries that reproduce them, such as Justia and Cornell's Legal Information Institute.

• Arizona State Legislature

  • S.1331 income tax subtraction; capital gains (fact sheet) (2026)
  • 42-1110 Successor liability for tax

  Used on Arizona

• Code of Virginia (Virginia Law Portal)

  • § 55.1-124. Uniform Statutory Rule Against Perpetuities (2024)

  Used on Virginia

• Connecticut Office of Legislative Research

  • Estate, Inheritance, and Gift Taxes in CT and Other States (2024-R-0197) (2025)

  Used on Connecticut

• Delaware Code Online

  • Title 25, Chapter 5: Rule Against Perpetuities
  • Title 12, Chapter 35, Subchapter VI: Qualified Dispositions in Trust

  Used on Delaware

• Hawaii State Legislature

  • SB349, Thirty-Third Legislature, 2025 (legislative findings on the 7.25 percent capital gains rate) (2025)

  Used on Hawaii

• Idaho Legislature

  • Idaho Code 63-3628, Successors' liability
  • Idaho Code 54-2004, Definitions (Real Estate License Law)
  • Idaho Code 44-2701, Agreements and covenants protecting legitimate business interests
  • Idaho Code 55-111, No rule against perpetuities

  Used on Idaho

• Justia

  • Arkansas Code § 4-75-101 (2025) - Covenant not to compete agreements (2025)

  Used on Arkansas

• Justia (2022 Georgia Code)

  • O.C.G.A. 48-8-46, Final return and payment upon sale of or quitting business; withholding by successor

  Used on Georgia

• Legal Information Institute (Cornell)

  • Iowa Admin. Code r. 701-302.87, Capital gain deduction for certain types of net capital gains (2023)
  • Iowa Admin. Code r. 701-202.12, Immediate successor liability for unpaid tax (2024)

  Used on Iowa

• Maine Legislature, Office of the Revisor of Statutes

  • Title 36, §177: Trust fund status of certain collections (2025)
  • Title 26, §599-A: Noncompete agreements (2023)
  • Title 36, §5122: Modifications (paragraph AAA) (2025)

  Used on Maine

• Maryland General Assembly

  • Tax-General Article, Section 11-505 (2025)
  • Labor and Employment Article, Section 3-716 (2025)
  • Estates and Trusts Article, Section 11-102 (2025)

  Used on Maryland

• Michigan Legislature

  • MCL 205.27a, Selling or quitting business; escrow account for payment of taxes (2025)
  • MCL 445.774a, Agreement or covenant protecting business interests of employer (2025)
  • MCL 339.2501, Definitions (real estate brokers and salespersons) (2025)
  • MCL 700.1042, Qualified Dispositions in Trust Act, definitions (2016)

  Used on Michigan

• Minnesota Office of the Revisor of Statutes

  • Minnesota Statutes 291.016, Minnesota taxable estate (2025)
  • Minnesota Statutes 181.988, Covenants not to compete void in employment agreements (2023)
  • Minnesota Statutes 82.55, Definitions (2025)

  Used on Minnesota

• Missouri Revisor of Statutes

  • RSMo 143.121, Missouri adjusted gross income (2025)
  • RSMo 144.150, Withholding of tax money in case of sale of business (2025)
  • RSMo 431.202, Employment covenants enforceable, when (2025)
  • RSMo 456.025, Inapplicability of the rule against perpetuities (2004)
  • RSMo 456.5-505, Creditor's claim against settlor (2022)

  Used on Missouri

• Montana Code Annotated, Montana Legislature

  • 15-30-2103. Rate of tax -- net long-term capital gains -- definitions (2025)

  Used on Montana

• Nebraska Legislature

  • Nebraska Revised Statute 77-2715.03, Individual income tax brackets and rates (2025, 2027)
  • Nebraska Revised Statute 77-2004, Inheritance tax; rate; immediate relatives (2023, 2025)
  • Nebraska Revised Statute 77-2707, Sale of business; liability for tax (2025)
  • Nebraska Revised Statute 81-885.01, Terms, defined (2025)
  • Nebraska Revised Statute 76-2005, Exclusions from statutory rule against perpetuities (2002)

  Used on Nebraska

• Nevada Legislature

  • NRS Chapter 360, Revenue and Taxation: Generally (NRS 360.525) (2025)
  • NRS Chapter 645, Real Estate Brokers and Salespersons (NRS 645.863) (2025)
  • NRS Chapter 613, Employment Practices (NRS 613.195) (2025)
  • NRS Chapter 111, Estates in Property (NRS 111.1031) (2025)

  Used on Nevada

• New Hampshire General Court

  • RSA 77-A:2, Business Profits Tax, Imposition of Tax (2023)
  • RSA 77-E:2, Business Enterprise Tax, Imposition of Tax (2022)
  • RSA 275:70-a, Noncompete Agreements for Low-Wage Employees Prohibited (2019)
  • RSA 77-A:1, Business Profits Tax, Definitions (2025)
  • RSA 564:24, Exemption from Rule Against Perpetuities (2004)

  Used on New Hampshire

• North Carolina General Assembly

  • G.S. 105-164.38, Tax is a lien (2025)
  • G.S. 41-23, Perpetuities and suspension of power of alienation for trusts (2007, 2017)

  Used on North Carolina

• Ohio Laws and Administrative Rules

  • Section 5739.14, Sale of entire business - successor liable for taxes and penalties due (1967)
  • Section 5816.02, Ohio Legacy Trust Act definitions (2025)

  Used on Ohio

• Oregon Legislative Assembly

  • Enrolled House Bill 3630 (2025 Regular Session) (2025)

  Used on Oregon

• Rhode Island General Assembly

  • R.I. Gen. Laws 44-11-29, Notice to tax administrator of sale of assets (2025)

  Used on Rhode Island

• South Carolina Legislature

  • South Carolina Code of Laws, Title 12, Chapter 6, Section 12-6-1150, Net capital gain deduction (2025)

  Used on South Carolina

• South Carolina Legislature Online

  • 2025-2026 Bill 4216: Income tax (2026)

  Used on South Carolina

• Texas Public Law

  • Texas Tax Code Section 111.020, Tax Collection on Termination of Business (2025)

  Used on Texas

• The Florida Senate

  • Florida Statutes s. 213.758, Transfer of tax liabilities (2025)
  • Florida Statutes s. 475.01, Definitions (2025)
  • Florida Statutes s. 689.225, Statutory rule against perpetuities

  Used on Florida

• Utah Legislature

  • Utah Code Title 75, Chapter 2, Part 12, Statutory Rule Against Perpetuities
  • Utah Code 75B-1-302, Asset protection trust (2024)

  Used on Utah

• Vermont General Assembly

  • Bill Status H.205, An act relating to agreements not to compete (2026)

  Used on Vermont

• Vermont General Assembly (Vermont Statutes Online)

  • 32 V.S.A. § 5811 Definitions (2025)
  • 32 V.S.A. § 3260 Bulk sales (2025)

  Used on Vermont

• Virginia Administrative Code (Virginia Law Portal)

  • 23VAC10-210-3090. Sale or quitting of business; successor business (2025)

  Used on Virginia

• Washington State Legislature

  • RCW 82.87.040, Tax imposed - Long-term capital assets (2025)
  • RCW 82.32.140, Taxpayer quitting business - Liability of successor (2025)
  • RCW 18.85.011, Definitions (2025)

  Used on Washington

• West Virginia Legislature

  • W. Va. Code 11-10-11, Collection of tax (2025)
  • W. Va. Code 47-11E-2, Limitation on contractual provisions in physician employment contract (2017)
  • W. Va. Code 36-1A-1, Statutory rule against perpetuities (2025)

  Used on West Virginia

• Wisconsin Legislature

  • Wisconsin Statutes 77.52(18), Successor liability
  • Wisconsin Statutes 452.01, Definitions (real estate practice)
  • Wisconsin Statutes 103.465, Restrictive covenants in employment contracts
  • Wisconsin Statutes 700.16, Perpetuities and suspension of power of alienation

  Used on Wisconsin

Independent research on state and federal tax: rates, brackets, and how a sale is taxed.

• Center for Agricultural Law and Taxation, Iowa State University

  • Iowa Governor Signs Tax Reform into Law (2023, 2025)

  Used on Iowa

• Tax Foundation

  • Alabama Federal Deductibility Issues & Solutions
  • State Individual Income Tax Rates and Brackets, 2025 (2022, 2025)
  • Estate and Inheritance Taxes by State, 2025 (2024, 2025, 2026)
  • Kansas Flat Income Tax Cuts & Reform in 2025 (2025)
  • State Capital Gains Tax Rates, 2024 (2024)
  • State Gross Receipts Taxes (2020)

  Used on Alabama, Delaware, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming, Georgia, Idaho, Maryland, Mississippi, Montana, Utah, Vermont, Washington, Kansas

The firms that run and price deals, and the databases that record them, with what they publish: sector reports, multiples, and deal counts.

• Aventis Advisors

  • IT Services Valuation Multiples: 2015-2026 (2026)
  • Who Is Buying MSPs? Top Acquirers of Managed Service Providers: 2015-2025 (2025, 2026)

  Used on IT services, Service business valuation multiples, by type

• Axial

  • Who's Buying in the Lower Middle Market in 2026? Key Buyer Trends From Axial Data (2025)

  Used on Manufacturing

• Bernhard Capital Partners

  • Bernhard Capital Partners, Portfolio News (2026)

  Used on Louisiana

• Business Valuation Resources (DealStats)

  • DealStats Value Index, Q1 2025 (2025)

  Used on Lower-middle-market multiples: the published data

• Capstone Partners

  • HVAC Services M&A Update (2026)
  • Residential Services M&A Update (2026)
  • Marketing Services M&A Update, August 2023 (2023)
  • Accounting Services Market Update, March 2025 (2024, 2025)
  • Marketing Services Market Update (2026)
  • Precision Manufacturing Market Update – May 2026 (2026)
  • Annual Industrials M&A Report – Middle Market Deal Activity and 2026 Outlook (2025)
  • Construction Services M&A Update, February 2026 (2025)
  • E-Commerce M&A Update, December 2024 (2024)
  • E-Commerce Sector Update, April 2026 (2025, 2026)
  • Middle Market M&A Valuations Index (2026)

  Used on Home services, Professional services, Service business valuation multiples, by type, Manufacturing, Construction, E-commerce, Lower-middle-market multiples: the published data

• Carter Morse & Goodrich

  • Manufacturing Quarterly Update, Q4 2025 (2025)

  Used on Manufacturing

• Carter Morse & Goodrich (citing GF Data)

  • Manufacturing Quarterly Update, Q4 2025 (2025)

  Used on Manufacturing

• Drake Star

  • Managed Service Provider (MSP) Market Update, Q2 2026 (2026)

  Used on IT services, Service business valuation multiples, by type

• FOCUS Investment Banking

  • Dental Practice EBITDA Multiples 2026 (2025, 2026)
  • Physician Practice M&A Multiples 2026 (2026)
  • 2025 Dental Transactions Update (2025)
  • Dental Practice Valuation Calculator (2026)

  Used on Healthcare practices

• GF Data

  • Highlights and Products, Fourth Quarter 2024 (2025)
  • GF Data Releases Q4 2025 M&A and Leverage Reports (2026)
  • Private Equity Mid-Market Overview, Third Quarter 2024 (2024)
  • New Fields, New Fruit: Digging Into GF Data's Newly-Added Data (2025)

  Used on Lower-middle-market multiples: the published data, Multiple expansion: more for each dollar of earnings

• HedgeStone Business Advisors

  • How to Become a Business Broker in Montana

  Used on Montana

• Houlihan Lokey

  • 2H 2025 Fitness Market Update (2025)

  Used on Health and fitness

• Kroll

  • M&A in the Residential HVAC Services Industry and What's Driving Growth (2025)

  Used on Home services

• Lincoln International

  • Q2 2026 Professional Services Market Update (2026)

  Used on Professional services

• Mergr

  • Companies in New Hampshire that have Recently Sold (2026)

  Used on New Hampshire

• MountainWest Capital Network

  • MWCN Report: Utah Services Companies Drive M&A Transactions to Post-Pandemic High in 2024 (2024)
  • Inside the MWCN 2025 Utah Deal Flow Report: A Recap with Kady Reese, Matt Bartholomew, and Kevin Jessop (2025)

  Used on Utah

• Peak Business Valuation

  • Valuation Multiples for a Construction Company (2026)

  Used on Construction

• PrivSource

  • Private Equity-Backed Acquisitions in Alabama
  • Recent Private Equity-Backed Acquisitions in Arizona (2025)

  Used on Alabama, Arizona

• SaaS Capital

  • 2025 Private SaaS Company Valuations (2025)
  • What is a Good Retention Rate for a Private SaaS Company in 2025? (2024)

  Used on SaaS

• Smart Business Dealmakers

  • Baltimore M&A News (2022)

  Used on Maryland

• Software Equity Group

  • 2Q26 SaaS M&A and Public Market Report (2026)

  Used on SaaS

• SRS Acquiom

  • M&A Undisclosed Liability Claims and Earnout Achievement, 2025 update (2025)

  Used on Ten mistakes when selling a business, and the fixes

• William & Wall

  • Q3 2025 Montana M&A Trends (2025)
  • U.S. M&A Market Update, Q4 2025 National Insights (2025)

  Used on Montana, New York

Where small and mid-sized businesses change hands, and the brokers who sell them: asking prices, sale prices, and time to sell.

• Acquire.com

  • Acquire.com Biannual Acquisition Multiples Report (Jan 2026) (2025)

  Used on SaaS

• BizBuySell

  • HVAC Business Valuation Multiples & Financial Benchmarks (2025)
  • Accounting & Tax Practice Business Valuation Multiples & Financial Benchmarks (2025)
  • Manufacturing Business Valuation Multiples & Financial Benchmarks (2025)
  • Dental Practice Business Valuation Multiples & Financial Benchmarks (2025)
  • Construction Business Valuation Multiples & Financial Benchmarks (2025)
  • Website & E-Commerce Business Valuation Multiples & Financial Benchmarks (2025)
  • IT & Software Service Business Valuation Multiples & Financial Benchmarks (2025)
  • 2025 Year in Review: BizBuySell Market Recap (2025)

  Used on Home services, Service business valuation multiples, by type, Professional services, Manufacturing, Healthcare practices, Construction, E-commerce, IT services, Business sale statistics, checked at the source

• CT Acquisitions (business broker)

  • How to Sell a Property Management Company (2026): Per-Door & EBITDA Math (2026)
  • Sell a Home Inspection Business (2026): Valuations and Buyers (2026)

  Used on Real estate

• Empire Flippers

  • 2026 State of the Industry Report (2025)

  Used on E-commerce

• Flippa

  • Ecommerce Valuation Multiples: H1 2026 Data (2026)

  Used on E-commerce

• Texas Association of Business Brokers

  • Legal FAQs (2026)

  Used on Texas

Practitioners who write on what a sale involves: deal law, employment rules, tax planning, trusts, and the money after the close.

• Acquisition Stars (M&A law firm)

  • Buying a Gym (2026)

  Used on Health and fitness

• Alper Law

  • Dynasty Trust: Creditor Protection for Multiple Generations and the States That Allow It

  Used on California, Rhode Island

• Barley Snyder

  • Fiduciary News, June 2015 (2006)

  Used on Pennsylvania

• Blake Harris Law

  • How to Protect Assets in Massachusetts: 3 Effective Strategies for Wealth Preservation

  Used on Massachusetts

• Blue & Co.

  • Major Changes to the Ohio Commercial Activity Tax May Reduce Your Business Taxes This Year (2025)

  Used on Ohio

• Blue & Co., LLC

  • Case Study: Construction Acquisitions Gone Awry, a Quality of Earnings Story (2022)

  Used on Construction

• BNY Wealth

  • Mastering the Sale: 2025 Insights for Private Business Owners (2025)

  Used on Business sale statistics, checked at the source

• Bradley Arant Boult Cummings

  • Noncompete Agreements: Alabama (Ala. Code 8-1-190 et seq.) (2016)

  Used on Alabama

• Breazeale, Sachse & Wilson

  • Maximize the Protection Offered by Louisiana's Non-Compete Law When Buying a Louisiana Business (2025)

  Used on Louisiana

• Cummings & Lockwood LLC

  • Connecticut Enacts Historic and Sweeping Trust Legislation (2020)

  Used on Connecticut

• Darrow Wealth Management

  • Massachusetts 'Millionaires' Tax Applies to Sudden Wealth Events (2024)

  Used on Massachusetts

• Dentons

  • Kansas Enacts New Law Clarifying Enforceability of Non-Solicitation Agreements (2025)

  Used on Kansas

• DGP Law

  • Are Non-Compete Agreements Enforceable in Connecticut?

  Used on Connecticut

• E. Howard Law

  • The Wild West of Business Brokerage: States Where Anyone Can Call Themselves a Business Broker

  Used on Alabama, Alaska

• EisnerAmper

  • New Jersey to Allow Exclusion of Qualified Small Business Stock Gains (2026)

  Used on New Jersey

• Family Estate Guide

  • Oklahoma Estate Planning Guide (2026): Trust Reform (2024)

  Used on Oklahoma

• Foley & Lardner LLP

  • Non-Competes: New Limits for Pennsylvania Health Care Practitioners (2025)

  Used on Pennsylvania

• Gallagher

  • Navigating Surety Bonds for Contractors in Private Equity Transactions (2025)

  Used on Construction

• Gem McDowell Law Group

  • What is a Certificate of Tax Compliance in South Carolina? (2022, 2024)
  • Planning 360 Years Ahead: Dynasty Estate Planning in South Carolina After RAP Change (2025)

  Used on South Carolina

• Goodwin

  • Massachusetts Doubles Estate Tax Exemption as Part of $1 Billion Tax Bill (2023)

  Used on Massachusetts

• Grant Thornton

  • Maryland enacts major tax hikes to address budget (2025)

  Used on Maryland

• Greenspoon Marder LLP

  • Alabama's Qualified Dispositions in Trust Act (2021)

  Used on Alabama

• GSRM Law

  • Establishing A Tennessee Investment Services Trust (2007)

  Used on Tennessee

• Hall Render

  • New Indiana Law Bans Noncompete Agreements Between Physicians and Hospitals (2025)

  Used on Indiana

• Harrison Law

  • The Ins and Outs of Non-Compete Agreements

  Used on Arizona

• Hoffman & Associates

  • Georgia's New Trust Law

  Used on Georgia

• Holland & Knight

  • Enhanced Noncompetition Bill Becomes Law in Florida (2025)

  Used on Florida

• Houston Harbaugh

  • Pennsylvania Inheritance Tax Law Has New Exemption For Small Family Businesses (2013)

  Used on Pennsylvania

• Insight Wealth Strategies

  • Understanding Colorado Capital Gains Tax: Rules & Exemptions (2021)

  Used on Colorado

• Jackson Hole Trust Company

  • Why Wyoming

  Used on Wyoming

• Jackson Walker

  • Governor Abbott Signs SB 1318, Instituting Limitations on Covenants Not to Compete (2025)

  Used on Texas

• Kang Haggerty LLC

  • Real Estate Buyer Beware of Bulk Sales, Or You Will Be Paying for It (2017)

  Used on Pennsylvania

• Katz Law Group, P.C.

  • Garden Leave Clauses in Massachusetts Non-Compete Agreements (2018)

  Used on Massachusetts

• KB Financial Advisors

  • Qualified Small Business Stock in California 2025 (2025)

  Used on California

• KPMG LLP

  • KPMG 2026 Perspectives: Local Insights from Chicago (2026)

  Used on Illinois

• Krieg DeVault

  • Indiana's New Legacy Trust: An Asset Protection Strategy for Hoosiers (2019)

  Used on Indiana

• Latham & Watkins

  • US State Regulatory Spotlight on Healthcare Transactions: Reflections From 2025 (2025)
  • Important Changes to California Non-Compete Laws to Take Effect in January 2024 (2024)

  Used on Healthcare practices, California

• Littler

  • Utah Enacts Post-Employment Restrictions Act (2016)
  • Virginia Amends Threshold Compensation Level for Ban on Non-Competes for Low-Wage Employees (2025)
  • Wyoming Bans Non-Compete Covenants with Some Exceptions (2022, 2025)

  Used on Utah, Virginia, Wyoming

• Lyons Gaddis, P.C.

  • Sale or Purchase of Business Assets: Don't Forget the Government's Share

  Used on Colorado

• Maynard Nexsen

  • Tennessee Enacts Significant Changes to Non-Compete Law (2026)

  Used on Tennessee

• McGuireWoods

  • Hawaii Enacts Domestic Asset Protection Trust Legislation and Reinstates Separate State Estate Tax (2010)
  • Mississippi Enacts Self-Settled Asset Protection Trust Legislation (2014)
  • Virginia Enacts Domestic Asset Protection Trust Legislation (2012)

  Used on Hawaii, Mississippi, Virginia

• Meadows Collier

  • Texas Comptroller Streamlines Process for Requesting Certificates of No Tax Due (2022)

  Used on Texas

• Mercer Advisors

  • Oregon Estate Tax: What Property Owners Should Know (2025)

  Used on Oregon

• NW Corporate Law

  • Oregon Business Purchase Checklist

  Used on Oregon

• Ogletree Deakins

  • Hawaii Enacts New Restrictions on Noncompete and Nonsolicitation Agreements for Employees of Technology Businesses (2015)

  Used on Hawaii

• Otten Johnson

  • Additional Restrictions on Colorado Non-Compete Agreements Take Effect on August 6, 2025 (2025)

  Used on Colorado

• Parsons Behle & Latimer

  • Utah Legislature Passes Law To Limit Non-Compete Agreements to One Year (2016)

  Used on Utah

• Pennington Law, PLLC

  • Arizona Hybrid Domestic Asset Protection Trusts

  Used on Arizona

• Perennial Estate Planning

  • No, you should not do a self-settled asset protection trust in Massachusetts

  Used on Massachusetts

• PKF O'Connor Davies

  • U.S. HVAC M&A Industry Update, Summer 2026 (2026)

  Used on Home services

• Proskauer Rose LLP

  • Kansas Passes Pro-Employer Restrictive Covenant Legislation (2025)

  Used on Kansas

• Reed CPA

  • California Mental Health Tax (1% Surcharge) (2025)

  Used on California

• Robert Hall & Associates

  • Vermont Capital Gains Tax in 2025 (2025)

  Used on Vermont

• Robins Kaplan LLP

  • Trust and Estate Law: South Dakota Dynasty Trusts 101 (1983)

  Used on South Dakota

• Silverman Law Office (Montana)

  • How Long Can a Trust Actually Last

  Used on Montana

• Stimmel Law

  • Bulk Sales Law for Sale of Assets in California (2025)

  Used on California

• Stoel Rives LLP

  • Oregon Enacts New Corporate Activities Tax

  Used on Oregon

• Sullivan & Cromwell

  • New York Senate Re-Introduces Bill To Prohibit Certain Non-Compete Agreements (2026)

  Used on New York

• SW&L Attorneys

  • Legislative Update on North Dakota Non-compete Agreements (2019)

  Used on North Dakota

• Taft Law

  • New Indiana Tax Successor Liability Notice Requirements for Business and Asset Bulk Transfers (2024)

  Used on Indiana

• Taxstra

  • Arizona Capital Gains Tax: 1.875% on Long-Term Gains (2025)
  • Arkansas Capital Gains Tax: The 50% Exclusion and $10 Million Break (2025)
  • California Capital Gains Tax: 2026 Rates & Rules (Up to 13.3%) (2025)
  • Massachusetts Capital Gains Tax: 5% / 8.5% + the 4% Surtax (2025)
  • Oklahoma Capital Gains Tax: The Section 2358 Deduction Explained (2025)

  Used on Arizona, Arkansas, California, Massachusetts, Oklahoma

• The National Law Review

  • Connecticut Legislature Passes Overhaul of Connecticut Trust Law (2020)
  • Delaware Refuses to Blue Pencil Overbroad Restrictive Covenants Following Business Acquisition (2025)
  • Texas Extends Rule Against Perpetuities To 300 Years For Trusts (2021)

  Used on Connecticut, Delaware, Texas

• Track Town Law

  • Oregon Estate Tax 2025: What Changed and What It Means for Your Plan (2025)

  Used on Oregon

• UBS

  • UBS Investor Watch: US business owners regret not selling and fear they mistimed the market (2023)

  Used on Ten mistakes when selling a business, and the fixes

• Valur

  • Alabama Capital Gains Tax in 2025 Explained (2025)
  • Alabama Estate Tax Explained 2025 (2025)
  • Alaska Capital Gains Tax 2025 Explained (2025)
  • Arizona Capital Gains Tax in 2025 Explained (2025)
  • Colorado Capital Gains Tax 2025 Explained (2025)
  • Connecticut Capital Gains Tax in 2025 Explained (2025)
  • Kansas Capital Gains Tax 2025 Explained (2025)
  • Montana Capital Gains Tax 2025 Explained (2025)
  • New Mexico Capital Gains Tax 2025 Explained (2025)
  • Oklahoma Capital Gains Tax 2025 Explained (2025)
  • Oregon Capital Gains Tax 2025 Explained (2025)
  • Rhode Island Capital Gains Tax 2025 Explained (2025)
  • Utah Capital Gains Tax 2025 Explained (2025)

  Used on Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, Connecticut, Kansas, Montana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Oregon, Rhode Island, Utah

• Your Life After Work (Hardesty)

  • Indiana Estate Planning: New Law Extends Trust Duration to 360 Years (2024)

  Used on Indiana

Trade and professional bodies, chambers of commerce, employee ownership centres, and university research.

• Alabama Retail Association

  • Business Privilege Tax Minimum (2024)

  Used on Alabama

• American Medical Association

  • Physician Practice Characteristics in 2024: Private Practices Account for Less Than Half of Physicians in Most Specialties (2024)

  Used on Healthcare practices

• Best Lawyers

  • Non-Compete Agreements in the Sale of a Business in Hawaii (2025)

  Used on Hawaii

• IBBA and M&A Source

  • Market Pulse Survey, Q2 2026 Highlights (2026)
  • The Market Pulse Survey Q2 2026 reports the latest trends in business sales up to $50M (2026)

  Used on Business sale statistics, checked at the source, Lower-middle-market multiples: the published data, Service business valuation multiples, by type, Multiple expansion: more for each dollar of earnings, Know what your business is worth today, Selling a business: the questions founders ask, Exit planning for founders: how to plan the sale

• Illinois REALTORS (Sorling Northrup)

  • Illinois Business Brokers Act and Real Estate Brokers

  Used on Illinois

• Kentucky Chamber of Commerce, The Bottom Line

  • Lower Kentucky Income Tax Rate Begins January 1 (2026)

  Used on Kentucky

• National Center for Employee Ownership (NCEO)

  • Employee Ownership by the Numbers, snapshot, February 2026 (2026)

  Used on Construction

• Optical Technology Center, Montana State University

  • Montana Photonics Companies

  Used on Montana

• Physicians Advocacy Institute and Avalere Health

  • PAI-Avalere Health Report on Physician Employment Trends and Practice Acquisitions: 2018-2026 (2026)

  Used on Healthcare practices

• University of Colorado Law School (faculty article)

  • Colorado Revisits the Rule Against Perpetuities (2006)

  Used on Colorado

• Vermont Employee Ownership Center

  • Employee Ownership in Vermont (2026)

  Used on Vermont

Institutes that study business ownership and the economy, and publish what they find.

• McKinsey Institute for Economic Mobility

  • The Great Ownership Transfer: A new era of business stewardship (2026)

  Used on Business sale statistics, checked at the source, Deals the FNDRS M&A team has advised on, Register your acquisition criteria

What companies say about themselves: investor relations, annual reports, and press releases.

• Black Duck

  • 2026 Open Source Risk in M&A by the Numbers (2026)

  Used on SaaS

• Constellation Software

  • Constellation Software Inc. Announces Results for the Fourth Quarter and Year Ended December 31, 2025 (2025)

  Used on SaaS

• Equifax

  • Equifax to Acquire Appriss Insights for $1.825 Billion (2021)

  Used on Kentucky

• Equifax via PR Newswire

  • Equifax Completes Acquisition of Appriss Insights (2021)

  Used on Kentucky

• Federal Schedules (GSA schedule consultancy)

  • Largest Share of Federal Contracts by State in FY 2025 (2025)

  Used on Virginia

• InnoVint (Expert Talks)

  • Buying and Selling a Winery: What to Know Before You Start, with Erik McLaughlin of Metis (2025)

  Used on Agriculture

• Inspire Brands

  • Inspire Brands Completes Acquisition of Sonic Corp. (2018)

  Used on Oklahoma

• Intuit

  • Intuit Completes Acquisition of Mailchimp (2021)

  Used on Georgia

• Intuit TurboTax Blog

  • Kansas State Income Tax Guide (2024)

  Used on Kansas

• PR Newswire (Boston Beer Company)

  • The Boston Beer Company and Dogfish Head Brewery to Merge (2019)

  Used on Delaware

• PR Newswire (Ericsson)

  • Ericsson accelerates 5G for Enterprise with acquisition of Cradlepoint (2019, 2020)

  Used on Idaho

Business and trade press, local news, and general reference works.

• AgriNews (Shaw Media)

  • Survey dissects farmland sales, price outlook (the Illinois Society of Professional Farm Managers and Rural Appraisers' annual survey) (2024)

  Used on Agriculture

• Alaska Business Magazine

  • Taking Care of Business: Regional Corporations Score Achievements (2024, 2025)

  Used on Alaska

• Boston.com

  • Millionaires tax surges past expectations, once again (2026)

  Used on Massachusetts

• Business Record (Des Moines)

  • Des Moines-based LightEdge Solutions acquired by private investment firm (2021)

  Used on Iowa

• California Globe

  • Bulk Sales in California

  Used on California

• Channel Insider

  • MSP M&A Buyers Prioritize Recurring Revenue and Maturity (2026)

  Used on IT services, Service business valuation multiples, by type

• Deseret News

  • Utah's Qualtrics acquired by German tech giant in 'monumental' $8 billion deal (2018)

  Used on Utah

• Encyclopedia of Arkansas

  • Stephens Inc. (1933, 2009)

  Used on Arkansas

• Encyclopedia.com

  • Pizza Hut Inc (1977)

  Used on Kansas

• FoodNavigator-USA

  • Kroger acquires meal kit company Home Chef for $200m (2017, 2018)

  Used on Illinois

• Front Office Sports

  • People want to go to the gym: why fitness M&A is surging in 2025 (2025)

  Used on Health and fitness

• FundingUniverse

  • History of Pizza Hut Inc. (1977)

  Used on Kansas

• Hawaii Business Magazine

  • Two Hawaii Founders Score Major Deals in Breakout Quarter for Island Tech (2026)

  Used on Hawaii

• Healthcare Dive

  • DOJ to investigate UnitedHealth's $13B Change buy (2021)

  Used on Tennessee

• Healthcare Innovation

  • Federal Judge Approves UnitedHealth Group's Change Healthcare Acquisition (2022)

  Used on Tennessee

• Indianapolis Business Journal

  • Indianapolis-based investment firm Sheaff Brock to be acquired (2025)

  Used on Indiana

• InForum (Fargo)

  • Marco sold to private equity firm

  Used on North Dakota

• LegalClarity

  • Montana Non-Compete Agreements: Enforceability and Legal Rules

  Used on Montana

• Mainebiz

  • From the Editor: Small business is the backbone of Maine's economy (2022)
  • Maine's largest public company, Covetrus, agrees to be privately acquired for $4B (2022)

  Used on Maine

• Marketplace Pulse

  • The Amazon Aggregator is Dead (2024)

  Used on E-commerce

• NonCompete.com

  • Montana Non-Compete Agreement: Laws and Enforceability

  Used on Montana

• Praxis Rock

  • Private Equity Firms in Boston: 9 PE Firms Profiled (2025)

  Used on Massachusetts

• RemoteLaws

  • Kansas Income Tax Rates & Brackets 2025–2026 (2024)

  Used on Kansas

• SmartAsset

  • Oklahoma Estate Tax: Everything You Need to Know
  • Rhode Island Estate Tax: Everything You Need to Know (2026)

  Used on Oklahoma, Rhode Island

• South Dakota Public Broadcasting

  • South Dakota trust assets valued above $900B despite chunk of assets exiting (2025)
  • Assets in South Dakota trusts top $800 billion (2024)

  Used on South Dakota

• Talk Business & Politics

  • Acxiom’s Arkansas operations sold in $2.3 billion deal (2018)

  Used on Arkansas

• Technical.ly

  • SPAC deals, IPOs and acquisitions: These are Pittsburgh's biggest money moves of 2021 (2021)

  Used on Pennsylvania

• Vermont Business Magazine

  • Engineers Construction Inc transitions to 100% Employee Ownership through ESOP (2024)

  Used on Vermont

• Waste Dive

  • Casella completes acquisition of Mountain State Waste in West Virginia (2025)

  Used on West Virginia

• WCAX

  • State promotes employee ownership to protect Vermont small businesses from closures (2026)

  Used on Vermont

• What's Going On In Rhode Island

  • The History of Hasbro in Rhode Island (1991)

  Used on Rhode Island

• Wikipedia

  • Advent International (2025)
  • TXNM Energy (2025)
  • Duolingo (2021)

  Used on Massachusetts, New Mexico, Pennsylvania

• Willamette Week

  • Is Oregon Home to the Next Billion-Dollar Company? (2018, 2019)

  Used on Oregon